Titanium is a new type of metal alloy is a single phase solid solution composed of β-phase

Titanium is a new type of metal alloy is a single phase solid solution composed of β-phase, i.e., no heat treatment has a high strength after quenching, aging the alloy has been further strengthened, the room temperature strength of up to 1372 ~ 1666 MPa; but poor thermal stability, should not be used at high temperatures.
α + β ruthenium titanium anode alloy
It is duplex alloys, has a good overall performance, good organizational stability, good toughness, ductility and high temperature deformation properties, can better thermal pressure processing, can be quenched, aging of the alloy strengthening. Strength after the heat treatment higher than the annealed state of about 50% to 100%; high temperature strength, long-term work at a temperature of 400 ℃ ~ 500 ℃, the thermal stability is inferior α titanium alloy.
The most commonly used three kinds of titanium alloy is α and α + β titanium alloy; α titanium alloy machinability best, α + β titanium followed, β titanium worst. α titanium iridium codenamed TA, β titanium codenamed TB, α + β titanium codenamed TC.
Titanium can be divided according to use heat-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion resistant alloy (Ti - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, etc.), low alloy and alloy special features. Table typical composition and performance of the alloy.

Titanium is a new type of metal, and the performance of the carbon-containing titanium impurity content of nitrogen

Titanium is a new type of metal, and the performance of the carbon-containing titanium impurity content of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and so on, the most pure titanium iodide impurity content not exceeding 0.1%, but its low strength, high ductility. 99.5% of the performance of industrial pure titanium as: density ρ = 4.5g / cc, a melting point of 1725 ℃, thermal conductivity λ = 15.24W / (mK), the tensile strength σb = 539MPa, elongation δ = 25%, section shrinkage ψ = 25%, the elastic modulus E = 1.078 × 105MPa, the hardness HB195.
High strength
Density of titanium alloys is generally about 4.51g / cc,
Only 60% of steel, copper nickel hexagonal bar density was close to the density of ordinary steel, some high-strength titanium alloy over the strength of the many structural steel. Therefore, the ratio of titanium strength (strength / density) is much larger than other metal structural materials, see Table 7-1, the unit can be made out of high strength, rigidity and lightweight components. Aircraft engine components, skeleton, skin, so the use of titanium fasteners and landing gear.
High heat intensity

Titanium alloys at low and ultra-low temperature

Titanium alloys at low and ultra-low temperature, retains its mechanical properties. Low temperature performance, low interstitial elements of titanium, as TA7, at -253 ℃ still maintain a certain plasticity. Thus, low-temperature titanium alloy is also an important structural materials.
Large chemical activity
Chemical activity of titanium cap screws is large, a strong chemical reaction with atmospheric O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia and the like. Carbon content greater than 0.2%, it will form a hard TiC in the titanium alloy; at higher temperatures, and also the role of N forms TiN hard surface; at above 600 ℃, the high hardness of hardened layer is formed of titanium absorbs oxygen ; hydrogen content increased, brittle layer will form. Absorbing gas produced brittle surface to a depth of 0.1 ~ 0.15 mm, the degree of hardening of 20% to 30%. Chemical affinity of titanium is also large, easy and sticking friction surface.
Small thermal elasticity
Thermal conductivity of titanium λ = 15.24W / (mK) approximately 1/4 of nickel, iron 1/5, 1/14 aluminum, while the thermal conductivity of various titanium alloys decreased by 50% than the thermal conductivity of copper nickel square bar. Elastic modulus was about 1/2 of the titanium alloy for steel, so the poor rigidity, deformation, and should not be made thin-walled elongated rod member, the machined surface when cutting a large amount of spring back, the stainless steel is about 2 to 3 times, causing severe tool flank friction, adhesion, adhesive wear.

Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components

Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by structure rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. The mid-1960s, titanium casting and its alloys have been in general industrial applications, electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil refining and desalination heater and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, for the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.
Titanium is an important new structural materials used in the aerospace industry, the proportion between the aluminum and steel, the strength and the use of temperature between, but higher than aluminum, steel strength and excellent corrosion resistance to sea water and ultra-low temperature performance. In 1950 the United States for the first time in the F-84 fighter-bombers later used as the fuselage insulation panels, wind shield, tail cover other non-load-bearing components. 1960s began using parts from titanium alloy fuselage toward the rear of the fuselage, in part, instead of structural steel bulkheads, beams, flap tracks and other important bearing components. The amount of titanium in military aircraft rapidly increased, reaching 20% to 25% by weight of the aircraft structure. Since the 1970s, civilian aircraft began extensive use of titanium alloys, such as the Boeing 747 with a capacity of 3640 kg or more of titanium. Aircraft Mach number greater than 2.5 was used in place of titanium rods to the steel, to reduce the structural weight. Again, American SR-71 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft speed (Mach 3, altitude 26,212 meters), 93% titanium structural weight of the aircraft, known as "all-titanium" aircraft.

Commonly used methods of annealing heat treatment

Commonly used methods of annealing heat treatment, solution and aging treatment. Annealing is to eliminate stress, improve plasticity and organizational stability, in order to obtain a better overall performance. Typically α alloys and (α + β) alloy annealing temperature selected in the (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point below 120 ~ 200 ℃; solution and aging treatment is rapid cooling from high temperature zone to obtain martensite α 'phase and the metastable β phase, and then incubated in the temperature region of these metastable phase decomposition to obtain compound α phase or the dispersed second phase particles, achieve the purpose of strengthening the alloy. Typically (α + β) quenching the alloy in (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point of 40 ~ 100 ℃ were metastable β quenched alloy in the (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point above 40 ~ 80 ℃ get on. Aging treatment temperature is generally 450 ~ 550 ℃.
Summary, titanium heat exchanger alloy heat treatment process can be summarized as follows:
(1) stress relief annealing: The aim is to eliminate or reduce the residual stresses generated during machining. Prevent chemical erosion and reduce distortion in some corrosive environments.
(2) complete annealing: The purpose is to obtain good toughness, improve the processing performance, is conducive to further processing and to improve the stability of the size and organization.
(3) solution treatment and aging: The purpose is to increase its strength, α β titanium alloy and stability can not be strengthened heat treatment is carried out only in the production of annealing. α + β titanium and titanium alloys metastable β phase can contain small amounts of α by solution treatment and aging of the alloy further strengthened.
In addition, in order to meet the special requirements of the workpiece, the industry also uses double annealing, isothermal annealing, β heat treatment, deformation and heat treatment of metal heat treatment

Titanium is a new type of metal, alloy hardness greater than HB350 particularly difficult machining

Titanium is a new type of metal, alloy hardness greater than HB350 particularly difficult machining, less than HB300 is prone to stick a knife phenomenon, but also difficult to cut. However, only one aspect of the hardness of titanium machining difficult, the key is the combined effect of its machinability of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of titanium foil itself between. Cutting Titanium has the following characteristics:
(1) deformation coefficient is small: This is a significant feature of titanium machining, deformation coefficient is less than or close to one. Chip away the knife sliding friction surface greatly increases the previous accelerated tool wear.
(2) high cutting temperatures: As low thermal conductivity of titanium alloy (equivalent to only 1/5 ~ 1/7 45 steel), the contact length of the chip and the rake is very short, the heat generated when cutting difficult to pass out, concentrated in a smaller range of the cutting area and near the cutting edge, high cutting temperatures. Under the same cutting conditions, the cutting temperature higher than 45 steel cutting more than doubled.
Cutting force (3) per unit area on the big: the main cutting force of about 20% smaller than when cutting steel, due to the length of the chip and the rake face contact is extremely short, the contact area on the cutting forces unit greatly increased, likely to cause chipping. Meanwhile, due to the small elastic modulus of the titanium plates alloy, the processing in the radial force prone to bending deformation, causing vibration, increased tool wear and affects the accuracy of parts. Therefore, the required process system should have good rigidity.
(4) Chilled serious: Because the chemical activity of titanium is large, at high cutting temperature, is easy to absorb oxygen in the air and nitrogen to form a hard and brittle skin; while plastic deformation during the cutting process can also cause surface hardening . Chilled phenomenon will not only reduce the fatigue strength of the parts, but also increased tool wear, is a very important feature when cutting titanium.

Titanium is a new type of metal alloy in the process of cutting, the precautions are:

Titanium is a new type of metal alloy in the process of cutting, the precautions are:
(1) Due to the small elastic modulus of titanium sheet metal, the deformation of the workpiece clamped in the processing of large deformation and stress, will reduce the machining accuracy of the workpiece; workpiece clamping force installation should not be too large, increase aid support when necessary.
(2) If using liquid hydrogen cutting, the cutting process will decompose at high temperatures to release hydrogen embrittlement caused by absorption of titanium; it may cause high temperature titanium stress corrosion cracking.
(3) the use of cutting fluid chlorides are also likely to break down or volatile toxic gases, the use of security measures should be taken, otherwise it should not be used; after cutting should be timely and chlorine-free cleaning agent thoroughly cleaned parts, remove residual chlorine thereof.
(4) prohibits the use of lead or zinc-based alloy production workers, fixture and titanium contact, copper, tin, cadmium and its alloys are also prohibited.
(5) All workers, fixtures or other devices must be in contact with the titanium clean; titanium parts cleaned off, to prevent contamination of grease or fingerprints, or after the salt may cause stress corrosion.
(6) In general when machining titanium fasteners, no ignition hazard only when micro-cutting, small chips have cut ignition combustion phenomenon. To avoid fires, in addition to a large number of pouring coolant should prevent chips piled on the machine tool to be replaced immediately with a blunt or reduce cutting speed, feed rate increased to increase the chip thickness. If once the fire should be used talc, limestone powder, dry sand, fire fighting equipment were extinguished, prohibited the use of carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, nor watering, because water can accelerate the burning, and even lead to a hydrogen explosion.

Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor

Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by structure rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. The mid-1960s, titanium bars and its alloys have been in general industrial applications, electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil refining and desalination heater and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, for the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.
Titanium is an important new structural materials used in the aerospace industry, the proportion between the aluminum and steel, the strength and the use of temperature between, but higher than aluminum, steel strength and excellent corrosion resistance to sea water and ultra-low temperature performance. In 1950 the United States for the first time in the F-84 fighter-bombers later used as the fuselage insulation panels, wind shield, tail cover other non-load-bearing components. 1960s began using parts from titanium alloy fuselage toward the rear of the fuselage, in part, instead of structural steel bulkheads, beams, flap tracks and other important bearing components. The amount of titanium in military aircraft rapidly increased, reaching 20% to 25% by weight of the aircraft structure. Since the 1970s, civilian aircraft began extensive use of titanium alloys, such as the Boeing 747 with a capacity of 3640 kg or more of titanium. Aircraft Mach number greater than 2.5 was used in place of titanium casting to the steel, to reduce the structural weight. Again, American SR-71 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft speed (Mach 3, altitude 26,212 meters), 93% titanium structural weight of the aircraft, known as "all-titanium" aircraft.

Titanium has a high strength and density and small

Titanium has a high strength and density and small, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, poor process performance titanium alloy, machining difficulties in thermal processing, and very easy to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, complex production process. titanium electrode industrial production was started in 1948. Require the development of the aviation industry, the titanium industry with an average annual growth rate of about 8% of the development. World titanium alloy production reached 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloys. The most widely used titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and commercially pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).
Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by structure rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. The mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys have been in general industrial applications, electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil refining and desalination heater and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, for the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.
China began in 1956 titanium distributors and titanium alloy study; the mid-1960s and the development of industrial production of titanium into TB2 alloy.

Titanium is a two-phase alloy, has a good overall performance

Titanium is a two-phase alloy, has a good overall performance, good organizational stability, good toughness, ductility and high temperature deformation properties, can better thermal pressure processing, can be quenched, aging of the alloy strengthening. Strength after the heat treatment higher than the annealed state of about 50% to 100%; high temperature strength, long-term work at a temperature of 400 ℃ ~ 500 ℃, the thermal stability is inferior α titanium alloy.
The most commonly used three kinds of titanium alloy is α and α + β titanium alloy; α titanium tube stock machinability best, α + β titanium followed, β titanium worst. α titanium codenamed TA, β titanium codenamed TB, α + β titanium codenamed TC.
Titanium can be divided according to use heat-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion resistant alloy (Ti - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, etc.), low alloy and alloy special features. Table typical composition and performance of the alloy.
Titanium heat treatment can be obtained by adjusting the heat treatment process and the organization of different phases. Generally considered fine equiaxed has good ductility, thermal stability and fatigue strength; needle tissue has a high rupture strength, creep strength and fracture toughness; equiaxed and needle hybrid organization has good overall performance.

Titanium is a new type of metal

Performance
Titanium is a new type of metal, and the performance of the carbon-containing titanium impurity content of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and so on, the most pure titanium plate iodide impurity content not exceeding 0.1%, but its low strength, high ductility. 99.5% of the performance of industrial pure titanium as: density ρ = 4.5g / cc, a melting point of 1725 ℃, thermal conductivity λ = 15.24W / (mK), the tensile strength σb = 539MPa, elongation δ = 25%, section shrinkage ψ = 25%, the elastic modulus E = 1.078 × 105MPa, the hardness HB195.
High strength
Density of titanium alloys is generally about 4.51g / cc,
Only 60% of steel, titanium density was close to the density of ordinary steel, some high-strength titanium alloy over the strength of the many structural steel. Therefore, the ratio of titanium strength (strength / density) is much larger than other metal structural materials, see Table 7-1, the unit can be made out of high strength, rigidity and lightweight components. Aircraft engine components, skeleton, skin, so the use of titanium fasteners and landing gear.

High heat intensity

High heat intensity
Use temperature several hundred degrees higher than aluminum, at moderate temperatures can still maintain the desired strength, long-term work at a temperature of 450 ~ 500 ℃ of these two types of titanium alloys in the range of 150 ℃ ~ 500 ℃ still very high strength, and aluminum at 150 ℃ decreased significantly when compared strength. Titanium alloy operating temperature up to 500 ℃, the aluminum alloy is below 200 ℃.
Good corrosion resistance
Titanium tubing work in humid atmosphere and seawater, which is far superior corrosion resistance of stainless steel; for pitting, etching, stress corrosion resistance is particularly strong; alkali, chloride, chlorine, organic materials, nitric acid, sulfuric acid etc. have excellent corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion resistance of titanium with a reduction of oxygen and chromium salts medium is poor.

Titanium alloys at low and ultra-low temperature, retains its mechanical properties

Titanium alloys at low and ultra-low temperature, retains its mechanical properties. Low temperature performance, low interstitial elements of titanium alloys, as TA7, at -253 ℃ still maintain a certain plasticity. Thus, low-temperature titanium alloy is also an important structural materials.
Chemical activity of titanium is large, a strong chemical reaction with atmospheric O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia and the like. Carbon content greater than 0.2%, it will form a hard TiC in the titanium alloy; at higher temperatures, and also the role of N forms TiN hard surface; at above 600 ℃, the high hardness of hardened layer is formed of titanium absorbs oxygen ; hydrogen content increased, brittle layer will form. Absorbing gas produced brittle surface to a depth of 0.1 ~ 0.15 mm, the degree of hardening of 20% to 30%. Chemical affinity of titanium is also large, easy and sticking friction surface.
Small thermal elasticity
Thermal conductivity of titanium λ = 15.24W / (mK) approximately 1/4 of nickel, iron 1/5, 1/14 aluminum, while the thermal conductivity of various titanium alloys decreased by 50% than the thermal conductivity of titanium. Elastic modulus was about 1/2 of the titanium alloy for steel, so the poor rigidity, deformation, and should not be made thin-walled elongated rod member, the machined surface when cutting a large amount of spring back, the stainless steel is about 2 to 3 times, causing severe tool flank friction, adhesion, adhesive wear.

Purpose Editing

Purpose Editing
Titanium has a high strength and density and small, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, poor process performance titanium mesh, machining difficulties in thermal processing, and very easy to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, complex production process. Titanium industrial production was started in 1948. Require the development of the aviation industry, the titanium industry with an average annual growth rate of about 8% of the development. World titanium alloy production reached 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloys. The most widely used titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and commercially pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).
Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by structure rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. The mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys have been in general industrial applications, electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil refining and desalination heater and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, for the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.

Problems editor

Problems editor
Titanium has a light weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance, etc., it is widely used in the automotive industry, the most widely used titanium alloy automotive engine systems. The use of titanium alloy engine parts has many advantages. [1]
Low density titanium ball valves, can reduce the inertial mass of the moving parts, while a titanium valve spring can increase the free vibration, reduced body vibrations, increase engine speed and output power.
Reducing the inertial mass of the moving parts, so that the friction is also reduced, improving engine fuel efficiency. Select titanium can reduce the load of stress-related components, reduce the size of the parts, so that the quality of the engine and the vehicle is reduced. Reduce inertia mass parts, so that the vibration and noise reduction, improved engine performance. Titanium applied to other member may improve comfort and the aesthetics of personnel cars and the like. Applications in the automotive industry, titanium alloys in terms of energy consumption plays an invaluable role.
Although titanium alloy parts has such superior performance, but from titanium and its alloys widely used in the automotive industry there is a great distance, causes include expensive, good formability and weldability and poor.
The most widely used titanium alloy hinder the automotive industry is still the main reason for the high cost.

Heat editor

Heat editor
Commonly used methods of annealing titanium sheet, solution and aging treatment. Annealing is to eliminate stress, improve plasticity and organizational stability, in order to obtain a better overall performance. Typically α alloys and (α + β) alloy annealing temperature selected in the (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point below 120 ~ 200 ℃; solution and aging treatment is rapid cooling from high temperature zone to obtain martensite α 'phase and the metastable β phase, and then incubated in the temperature region of these metastable phase decomposition to obtain compound α phase or the dispersed second phase particles, achieve the purpose of strengthening the alloy. Typically (α + β) quenching the alloy in (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point of 40 ~ 100 ℃ were metastable β quenched alloy in the (α + β) ─ → β phase transition point above 40 ~ 80 ℃ get on. Aging treatment temperature is generally 450 ~ 550 ℃.

Titanium production and operation of new import regulations

Titanium production and operation of new import regulations
In order to combat smuggling of titanium, titanium heat exchanger rectify production and operation, to ensure the healthy development of China's titanium industry, the State Economic and Trade Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Customs Department and other seven departments, recently jointly issued "on the strengthening of titanium import management, production and operation order rectification notice. " "Notice" requirement: a strengthening of titanium import management. The titanium, titanium alloy, titanium alloy scrap pieces as the focus of sensitive goods imports, increase customs inspection efforts. Meanwhile, the focus of the trial price of titanium as customs goods, illegal imports and smuggling of titanium case, and resolutely punished according to law. Strict implementation of the relevant provisions of the State "Environmental Control (1996) No. 204" document is strictly prohibited titanium scrap, titanium scrap iron alloy, titanium alloy scrap import of waste to iron and steel, electrical appliances and other scrap metal imported or entrained in the name of imported titanium units and individuals, once discovered, in accordance with the relevant provisions of punishment. The titanium tube, titanium alloy included in the statutory inspection of the new product catalog by CIQ for the implementation of statutory inspection of imported titanium, do not meet the standards prohibit the export of new products. Second, to strengthen titanium processing production management. Titanium production enterprises for the production permit system, unlicensed businesses and individuals are not allowed to production and processing of titanium and its products. Third, rectify titanium market order flow. State titanium metal acquisitions and sales and titanium, titanium alloy, titanium alloy scrap (including unwrought titanium powder, profiles, etc.) of a unified management. Titanium has established ventures after SETC or its authorized approval, industry and commerce administration authorities for re-registration. The new application for the establishment of titanium enterprises approved by the state Economic and Trade Commission or its authorized after the industrial and commercial administrative authorities for registration. Without prior approval and registration, any businesses and individuals are not allowed to engage in business activities titanium. Recently, the State Administration for Industry in conjunction with the quality and technical supervision departments of Baoji Titanium market Shenyang two centralized rectification, strictly regulate the processing, marketing behavior of titanium products to enhance the quality of supervision and related products. Titanium wire is a new high-quality metals, widely used in various fields of national defense, cutting-edge technology and the national economy. Our country is one of the few countries in the world production of titanium. In recent years, low-grade titanium rampant smuggling in the country, some criminals fraudulent use of China's largest production base of titanium Baoji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., brand and product certification, shoddy, deceptive, and even sales outside with chemical pollution Nuclear contamination of waste titanium, not only to the use of units planted a security risk, but also seriously affected the healthy development of China's titanium industry. "Notice" requirement customs, industry and commerce administration, quality and technical supervision departments to actively cooperate, intensify, and jointly improve the management and marketing of imported titanium rectification work.

Titanium rod model, production standards and technical requirements

Titanium rod model, production standards and technical requirements
Titanium rod corrosion resistance, high strength, good plasticity. Forging and car light can be divided into three kinds of polygons. (Ie; the hair sticks and light sticks two kinds). Chemical composition shall comply with the allowable deviation GB / T 3620.2 of.
titanium wire mesh rod production grades country signs No: TA1, TA2, TA3, TA7, TA9, TA10, TC4, TC4ELI, TC6, TC9, TC10, TC11
US signs numbers: GR1, GR2, GR3, GR5, GR7, GR12
Titanium rods perform standard GB: GB / 2965-2007, GB / T13810, Q / BS5331-91
American Standard: ASTM B348, ASTM F136, ASTM F67, AMS4928
A reference standard
1: GB 228 metal tensile test method
2: GB / T 3620.1 titanium bar stock and titanium alloys and chemical composition
3: GB / T3620.2 titanium and titanium alloy products and component tolerances chemical composition
4: GB 4698 sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloy chemical analysis method Second, the technical requirements
1: Chemical composition of titanium and titanium electrodes alloy bars shall comply with GB / T 3620.1, the provisions to be repeated when the inspection, the chemical composition of the tolerances shall comply with the provisions of GB / T 3620.2 of.
2: thermal processing bar diameter or side table and tolerances shall comply with the provisions of one.
3: After thermal processing by car (mill) light bars and cold-rolled, cold drawn rod diameter tolerances shall comply with the provisions of Table II.
4: After thermal processing by car (mill) roundness light bars should not half its size tolerances.
5: Do not cut lengths processing state bar of 300-6000mm, annealed state bar does not cut lengths of 300-2000mm, length or double length should not cut lengths within the range of cut-length tolerance of + 20mm. ; double length of the incision should be included in the amount of bars, each incision amount of 5mm diameter tolerance of cold drawn bars should comply with the relevant regulations. The chemical composition shall comply with GB / T 3620.1, regulations.

Titanium and titanium jewelry products radiation

Titanium and titanium jewelry products radiation
Titanium and titanium alloys alloys as a rare metal, with a small proportion, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high-quality corrosion lightweight structural materials, new functional materials and important biological engineering materials, mainly for the aerospace industry, chemical industry and the energy industry and other sectors.
There is a metal jewelry, can prevent radiation, can adjust the "three high", also can relieve fatigue, is a "small but perfectly formed." At present, some hit TV shopping product program, online, or even in front of some mall counters, marketers will recommend this kind of "magic" of titanium jewelry products, or necklace or bracelet, For a time, the magic of titanium jewelry for some consumers wide attention.
However, titanium jewelry, medical experts believe that the magic of titanium is not magic, its "magic" purely Bluff, consumers should keep their eyes open, to prevent fooled.
Titanium is not radiation protection;
Titanium is an important alloy steel and alloy elements, the density of titanium welding wire is 4.506-4.516 g / cm (20 ℃), higher than that of aluminum and less than iron, copper and nickel. However, at the head of the metal strength. Melting point of 1668 ± 4 ℃, latent heat of fusion 3.7-5.0 kcal / g-atom, the boiling point of 3260 ± 20 ℃, latent heat of vaporization 102.5-112.5 kcal / g-atom, the critical temperature of 4350 ℃, the critical pressure of 1130 atm. Thermal and electrical conductivity properties of titanium is poor, similar or slightly lower than stainless steel, titanium superconducting, titanium superconducting critical temperature 0.38-0.4K. At 25 ℃, the heat capacity of titanium is 0.126 cal / gram atom · degree, enthalpy 1149 cal / g-atom, the entropy of 7.33 cal / g atom · degree, titanium is paramagnetic, permeability of 1.00004.
In a TV shopping program, a Korean designer titanium bracelet played such a slogan: modern high-tech products generally easy because while passively suffer because of the convenience brought about by the many side effects of radiation

TIP of titanium and titanium alloys

TIP of titanium and titanium alloys
Titanium is a refractory metal of a light metal, a density of 4.5 g / cm3, 57% only of iron. Strength titanium plate alloy with high strength comparable to steel, but also has good heat resistance and low temperature performance, long-term work at certain alloy between 450 ℃ ~ 550 ℃ and minus 250 ℃.
Circular blade cutter suitable for milling titanium, because they may be appropriate to change the main angle. As long as these cutters equipped with special blades and apply the correct cutting parameters, under normal circumstances can improve the stability and overall performance. Feed per tooth should be set to the minimum amount, which is crucial.
Titanium and titanium - titanium milling need the right conditions compared with most other metal materials processing, titanium bolts processing requires not only higher, but more limited. This is because the alloy has metallurgical characteristics and material properties and cutting action may have a serious impact on the material itself. However, if you select the appropriate tools and use them correctly and in accordance with the requirements of the titanium processing tools and configuration optimization to the best condition, then fully meet these requirements, and obtain satisfactory performance and perfect results. Many of the problems of traditional titanium metal processing encountered is not inevitable, as long as the properties of titanium to overcome the effects of the process, we can succeed.
Various properties of titanium parts and materials to become a powerful attraction, but many of the properties but also affect its workability. titanium bar stockhas excellent strength - weight ratio, which is usually only 60% of the density of steel. Titanium elastic coefficient lower than steel, so the texture is harder, better deflection. Erosion-resistant stainless steel is better than titanium, and low thermal conductivity. These properties mean that titanium metal in the process will produce higher and higher concentration of cutting force. It is prone to vibrations caused by the tremor occurred while cutting; and, it is easy to react with cutting tool materials in cutting Shihai, thus exacerbating the crater wear. In addition, its thermal conductivity is poor, mainly because of the heat in the cutting area, so the processing of titanium metal tool must have a high thermal hardness.